On the matter of children, Jupiter plays an important role. Here's a list of quotes from the classics:
Ptolemy on children:
"We must take the Moon, Jupiter and Venus to portend the giving of children, the Sun, Mars and Saturn to indicate few or no children..." (Tetrabiblos IV-6)
Dorotheus on children:
"Look at the first and second lord of Jupiter's triplicity, if they are both together in a good place departing from the Sun's rays, then the two of them indicated children and benefit from them... the lord of Jupiter's triplicity, which is the indicator of the matter of children..." (Book II-9)
"The lot of children: count from Jupiter to Saturn... Jupiter and Mercury indicate children if they are in good places, but deny it if they are in sterile signs..." (Book II-10)
Paul of Alexandria on children:
"It will be necessary to lok at the 5th and the 11th from the ASC and the top house and the one lying opposite it, which is the IMC, and the lot of children, and also, in addition to these, the star of Jupiter, the ruler of its triplicity, and the star of Venus and the star of Mercury..." (Chapter 25)
Umar Al-Tabari on children:
"Look at the fifth sign and its lord, also Venus and Jupiter and the lot of children, and its lord..." (Book III-9)
Abu Bakr on children:
"The sages looked in the matters of children from many things: namely from the 5th house and its lord, from the lot of children and its lord, from Jupiter and the lords of his triplicity, from Mercury and Venus and also from the planets appearing in the house of children" (Book II-6)
Masha'Allah on children:
"Consult the lords of the Jovial triplicity... the lot of children - it being taken up from Jupiter to Saturn..." (Book III-5)
Abu'Ali on children:
"Look at the house of children and its lord, and at Venus and Jupiter, an likewise the lot of children and its lord, and the lord of Jupiter's triplicity... and state the multitude of children from Jupiter and Venus, and their scarcity from Saturn and Mars and their middling amount from the Sun, Moon and Mercury." (Chapter 20)
Firmicus on children:
"If the Moon is in a masculine sign [...] and the Sun is also in a masculine sign, but Saturn is on the angles or in the twelfth house, children are indicated neither for a young girl nor a women. But if Jupiter is on the first angles and in favorable aspect, one child is allotted..." (Book 7-19)
"If Jupiter and Mercury are in conjunction on the ascendant but ascendant itself is in a double sign, with Moon on the angle and the Sun in a sign in which it has another planet with it, either that chart is that of twins or the native will have twin children." (Book 7-3)
Al Biruni on indications of Jupiter:
"Vital, growing nutritive faculties and the air in the heart." (414)
"Arteries, sperm and bone marrow." (419)
"Thighs and intestines, womb and throat." (423)
"Children and grandchildren." (427)
Parashara on houses and their meanings and significators:
"I now narrate the significance of the houses. The first house denotes the soul... the 5th progeny... The significators of the houses in order are: Sun, Jupiter, Mars, Moon, Jupiter, Mars, Venus, Saturn, Jupiter, Mercury, Jupiter, Saturn.... The 5th from Jupiter denotes sons..." (BPHS Chapter 32)