It should be noted that an entirely different development of modernist astrology, free from theosophical influences, occurred in Europe during the late 19th and early 20th century, especially in France, where neo-hermetic influences (rather than theosophical society influences) predominated; unfortunately very little of this approach to modernist astrology has been translated into English (one book partially examining this approach was published some years ago, entitled “Astrology of the Adepts”) but from some of the material I have examined the approach is quite interesting; a great deal of attention is given to temperament, the 4 humors and the elements in this approach and the emphasis seems to be upon dynamic interactions of astrological factors, rather than upon psychological analyses. Some traditionalist material is found, but also a great deal of innovation is encountered, much of this being based upon humoral/elemental reconsiderations of several earlier astrological concepts.