Chris, the others have given you good information. My take on your question:
Religion is a 9th house matter. The ruler of your 9th house is the sun. Yours is in the 7th house, which can indicate long-term partners of some kind, as well as open enemies. The 7th house also includes lawsuits, so it can be contentious. If you enjoy a debate, however (vs. getting headaches from it) then we are looking at the verbal equivalent of a tennis partner. You have a very strong verbal Mercury conjunct Venus (an attraction principle) in Gemini in the 7th house conjunct your DC--indicating an orientation toward the "other", for good or for ill if debates devolve into quarrels.
If we look at Jupiter as indicating religious ideals, yours is very strong in the first house of your outward personality in its own sign of Sagittarius; but retrograde, you take things fairly seriously.
A couple of other places to look are the 12th house for mysticism and the kind of religion that inclines one towards isolation in retreats and solo meditation; and the 10th house for ecclesiastical authority. Here we note an assertive Mars quintile sun squaring both Mercury and Jupiter, which get us back into the above loop. But Mars conjunct Chiron suggests some pain in your assertiveness, no? See if you can seek wisdom in your debates, rather than hurting or silencing your "opponent."
Sagittarius rising can come across to others as Mr. Know-It-All, which is a turn off to others who have possibly thought through their religious beliefs, as well. See if you can put yourself in the other person's mental shoes, with your strong 7th house emphasis. It sounds like you live among evangelical Christians, but I am sure you are aware that other denominations of Christianity have very different approaches to both the Bible and their faith.
If you really are interested in religious debate, there are meatier intellectual pursuits than arguing with your parents who love you, or with people your age who may only be expressing what they have been taught in Sunday school. Hopefully you are university-bound and can major in a field like religious studies, philosophy, or pre-law.
You might also give yourself the challenge of reading the entire Bible, cover-to-cover. I started when I was about 13 even though I was raised by secular parents who called themselves "free thinkers.". It took me over a year to get through the entire Old and New Testaments, but it gave me a major grasp of arguments stemming from Christian belief and proof-texts.
If you really wish to argue with Christian friends, it is often helpful to quote your own biblical proof-texts back to them, or to learn what some of the more liberal theologians have written about the Bible.
I think the Bible as a very wise, and very troubling book in many ways. I read it regularly. The older I get, the more convinced I am that it was not meant to be interpreted literally, but metaphorically. However, most Christian and Jewish denominations do take its meaning literally.
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