The Ascendant and the First house are not synonymous.
The Ascendant proper is the Rising Degree, and only that degree. [The horoskopos].
The First House is that space between the Ascendant and the cusp of the Second House.
Look to the ruler of the Ascendant (and also First House). This planet is "the lord of the horoscope" [horoskopos]. The lady of Cancer is Moon.
Both Cancer and Moon in 4th suggest that issues of home and family, security and nurture, and dependence/self-reliance may be prominent.
By very carefully and thoroughly delineating the Moon, she will give you a sketch of your life. Look at her sign, the condition of her ruler Venus, her house, and her aspects.
Remember that the Ascendant depicts conditions at birth, and the scientific maxim that "the initial conditions of anything determine its outcome".
On aspects, other things being equal, applying aspects are stronger than separating. The closer the orb of aspect, the more powerful its influence.
That should get you started.