When I began studying astrology in 1972, fairly tight aspect-specific orbs were the rule: 5 for conjunctions, oppositions, squares, trines (maybe 7-8 if luminaries), 4 for sextiles, 2-3 for the common minors, 1 for the points. Since I recently began studying traditional astrology, I've loosened up a bit; obviously, though, tighter is always stronger. I read somewhere (Kevin Burk I think) that aspects don't have orbs, planets do. It's the physical, moving bodies that form and dissolve the angular contacts, the aspects are just mathematical expressions of the phase relationships between them, with no mass or moment of their own. Makes sense to me. Also, the nature of the planets involved says more about the quality of their relationship than the type of aspect between them. For example, a square between Venus and Jupiter can be easier to handle than a trine between Mars and Saturn.
Still, I can't indiscriminately swallow 15 degrees for the Sun, 12 for the Moon, 7-8 for Mercury, Venus and Mars, or 9 for Jupiter and Saturn in all cases. For major (Ptolemaic) aspects, I can live with, at most, 8-10 for aspects between the luminaries, 5-6 for Mercury through Saturn, and - because they hold their positions for so long - no more than a couple of degrees for the outer planets (although there is a school of thought that says they're more ponderous and therefore should have BIGGER orbs, not smaller). One degree for the personal points still seems about right (except, perhaps, for the "Gauquelin sectors" where I believe 5-6 is the rule). When it comes to minor (Keplerian) aspects, I go with no more than 3 degrees for the "hard" aspects and 2 for the "soft" ones. But in practice I have an elastic approach that weighs each aspect individually and in combination with other chart factors before I decide whether or not to "take" one with a wider orb. I always look for partile aspects first and work outward from there until I reach the limit of my "comfort zone."
ETA: Another consideration is "out-of-sign" aspect orbs. The "tradition" doesn't acknowledge these aspects, probably because astrologers originally used "whole sign" rather than "harmonic" positions. Unless the orbs are very tight ( no more than a couple of degrees for any planet and any aspect), I tend to treat them as of secondary importance, if at all. Bil (well, it's "Bil" on the book cover) Tierney called them "dissociate" aspects since they disrupt the elemental or modal consistency of an aspect pattern.