First and foremost, no apology is necessary. I'm not one of the people who analyzed your chart previously, but I can say this: believing what your mother tells you is 100% reasonable, unless your mother has a long history of being a blatant pathological liar. Posting the information you reasonably believed to be true is no fault of your own. Checking the information on your birth certificate was wise, because a mother's recollection of the time she gave birth can be faulty (giving birth is an intense experience, and watching the clock is usually the last thing on a woman's mind when that's happening!), but having incorrect information on that did no harm to anyone. It may have given you an inaccurate reading as far as house placements go, but that's all.
But your apology reveals something that your chart also shows, and it would explain why you perceive yourself to be doomed to, as you put it, an existence of bad luck, mental illness, and anhedonia. You tend to internalize everything and blame yourself for everything, even if it cannot reasonably be your fault. Your chart doesn't show that necessarily happening, but it does show risk for that. Key pieces that I'm looking at:
1. The highest concentration of planets you have is in your second house. The second house governs, in essence, personal security and sense of worth. A strong planetary presence in the second house indicates that those kinds of issues are prominent for you, and working through them is especially important to your growth. The planets that you have there are your strongest allies if you are consciously working through those issues, but if you are not, their negative aspects get lots of play and they work against you, turning into your own worst enemy.
In your case, all of those planets are retrograde, which makes their messages strong internal messages. Whether those messages are positive or negative depends on how you're working with those planetary energies. If they are negative, since this is playing out in your sense of security and self worth, they have a strong negative impact on your self esteem.
Negative messages from Saturn and Pluto can easily create a sense of anhedonia, perhaps a sense of being victimized and just having to accept it. Jupiter, on the other hand, is more likely to make you swing the other way--its usual pitfall is overindulgence, overinflated sense of self, overinflated sense of luck, megalomania. If you have both of those things going on at once, it would indeed make you feel mentally ill. And if Jupiter's energy is working in tandem with Saturn's and Pluto's, it might instead serve to amplify their messages. Since these planets are in Libra, which is all about balance, and you describe a very unbalanced mental situation, I would guess that you're having lots of trouble balancing their different energies.
2. Virgo rising. Your rising sign shapes not only how others see you, but also your basic sense of self, because it forms the cusp of your first house, which is the house of self. Virgo is all about self perfection. A healthy expression of it would lead you to work on perfecting yourself, probably through something you do, but with complete self acceptance and no expectation that you must be perfect at any given moment. An unhealthy expression of that Virgo energy is being harsh with yourself, expecting perfection of yourself right here and right now, and being brutal with yourself when you fail... and of course you will fail, because no one can be perfect at any given moment.
3. Moon in Cancer. That makes you exceptionally sensitive, and when an exceptionally sensitive person has a heavy self esteem problem, they feel it exceptionally strongly.
4. South node in Capricorn in the fourth house, squared by Saturn, which is its own ruler, from Libra in the second house. The nodal story is much too complex to tell in just one post, but basically, the position of the south node and the aspects it makes describe what you brought into this life. If you believe in past lives, it's what you had still unresolved from your past lives when you were born into this one. If you don't believe that, it works just as well to describe it as the ancestral patterns you inherited, including the subconscious expectations of your family and the society around you.
To use the past life model (for simplicity's sake), a square between your south node and the ruler of its sign indicates that you were your own worst enemy. Second house indicates personal security issues, which could be material or emotional or both. Saturn in this position suggests harshness, restriction, very difficult circumstances. And south node in Capricorn can indicate a pre-existing expectation that life will be hard. When it's in the fourth house, that often indicates a sense of being isolated, or harsh familial circumstances, or both.
So this is probably not just a current life issue, it's also a replay of the expectations you brought into this life based on previous life experiences. Once again, you're being your own worst enemy.
But you don't have to be. Every piece of astrological energy that's causing you problems could also be expressed in a healthy and positive way. Since the basic issues appear to be self acceptance and sense of security, that's what's most in need of healing.