No specific quotes, just more of a running theme. I'd recommend picking up Ben Dyke's translation of Abu Ma'shar and al-Qabisi along with a copy of his Traditional Astrology for Today if you're new to traditional astrology. His books are a constant reference for me. Ibn Ezra's Beginning of Wisdom is also good and to the point. Oh yeah and Chris Brennan's book on Hellenistic Astrology is a must own. If you had to pick just two get Ben Dyke's Introductions to Traditional Astrology and Chris' book........way off topic......
Springboarding off of JupiterAsc, Robert Schmidt and Chris Brennan,
drawing on Rhetorius say that
Saturn's essential nature is to "reject" and "exclude".
This is opposed to the Sun which "selects"
and the Moon which "receives.
From this we can get the idea
that Saturn's basic nature is to say "no" to things
and push them away.
There's kind of a weird political analogy you can see in the texts. For example the Sun represents those in charge. Almost all of the ancient authorites say that the Sun represents the king. The Moon represents "crowds" according to Valens. Jupiter represents morality, the law, and the church, things that uphold society. Venus represents peace, public benefactors (that one is straight from Valens), and trust between people....once again upholding society. Venus and Jupiter support society i.e. the Sun and Moon.
(Ignoring Mercury who can go either way) What of Mars and Saturn? Well Mars represents those who break the law outright. Ibn Ezra says that Mars relates to rebellion.
Saturn represents isolation
and Abu Ma'shar even says that it represents hermits,
those who isolate themselves from society
and don't mingle with people.
That's the important thing with Saturn,
Saturn outright rejects society as a whole.
This could be intentional
or unintentional
as Saturn also refers to exile and humiliation.
An interesting connection to this is the way most authors talk about Saturn, calling him stinking, dirty, dim, and solitary. Compare that to his opposite, the luminous, public, visible, clean Sun. The idea here is that Saturn is so far removed from the norms of whatever the Sun represents that image doesn't matter, hence dirtiness, dullness, and isolation.
Take that planet and give it rulership over a human sign and the familiar image of Aquarius starts to show up. Compare that to the beastial sign Capricorn which doesn't even bother. The traditional view of Aquarius is a lot less socially progressive than that of the modern astrologers. Aquarius is outside of the system, sure, but that doesn't necessarily translate to progressive ideals. ANYONE on the fringes of society is Saturnian. Yeah I'm saying it, Saturn even rules neckbeards and incels.