Kind of a side note. I'm digging the article I linked above. The whole goal of our discussion seems to be how to facilitate economic growth, development and reduce poverty, right? I'm like trying to figure out what South Korea did to succeed.
I don't think it's so simple as lowered taxation and less regulation, though I know you didn't mean that was the whole picture when you said it. You simplified the process for sure, which makes sense, because I'm not that knowledgeable on the mechanics of politics or economics.
I'm reading the military government invested heavily in education, specifically in disseminating technical knowledge to business enterprises. I think the government's role in getting from a 3rd world status to 'developed' status has a lot to do with smart investments, not so much limited spending. I mean, in a mostly agrarian country, which South Korea was back in the 1950s, how many entrepreneurs could there really be? I think the government's role was to inspire entrepreneurship and provide the necessary skills to create enterprises, ya feel?
I'm still dissecting the article, but this is just what I think so far.
Ok so first of all, lets be honest and admit that the South Korean goverment recieved a large amount of foreign aid from the U.S. during that period of time. So it is fair to point out that a large amount of that goverment spending came at the cost of the american taxpayer, and not of south korean citizens. Of course, we can understand the context of that aid, that Korea was recovering from a war, and we can also congratulate the goverment of 1966 for doing a great job handling those funds and putting them to work. However, we need to be factual and realise that the goverment of South Korea, got all that money, without getting in debt (they did not borrow it, they got it for free). So in simple terms, a large amount of what they were able to do during the late 60's and early 70's was through the generosity of the U.S. taxpayers, which obviously removes the negative implications of goverment spending, because they had more money to invest in goverment programs.
Now to the tax issue. It is true that corporations in South Korea in the late 60's actually contributed with very high taxes. But the key is looking at wages. At that time, wages were
very very low. Thus, while corporations did pay a lot of taxes, the costs of production they had was low. So, it sort of balanced out for the corporations, through cheap labour. If we look further into the coming decades, the 70's and 80's, you will see that South Korea had numerous tax reforms. In many of them, they added a lot of insentives and tax deductions, which functionally lowered taxes for corporations. If you look at the wages graph, you will notice that through the decades, wages in South Korea have risen.
Finally there is another problem with big spending:
inflation. The usual strategy for goverments when in debt, and suffering fiscal deficit is to print more money to cover the debts they have, this leads to devaluation of the currency. This problem usually hits harder on the working class population, who not only see the little money they have loose value, but unlike the upper richer class do not have their savings in foreign currency (rich people in South Korea were more likely to convert their money into U.S. dollars). And infact... if we look at South Korea... you will notice that the big spending of the late 60's, lead to a large inflation during the 70's, that slowly went down in the 80's when the goverment began reducing its public spending. Below I'll post a graph on South Korean inflation.
So there is a correlation between wages and taxes. At higher taxes, South Korea had lower wages. But at lower taxes, South Korea had higher wages. So the conclusion is that what takes people out of poverty is the reduction in taxation, which boosts economic growth, and thus wages. If you look at countries with similar histories, you will notice that as soon as taxes go down, wages begin to rise. As for goverment spending, you can spend as much as you need, as long as you have a balanced budget. If you keep spending by borrowing money, eventually you will end up with a financial crisis. The South Korea is a weird example, because they had lot of spending with someone elses money (again, for totally comprehensible reasons). But usually, goverment spending needs to match tax revenue.
Here are some graphs
South Korean inflation rates
https://tradingeconomics.com/south-korea/inflation-cpi
South Korean corporate taxes rate
https://tradingeconomics.com/south-korea/corporate-tax-rate
South Korea Minimum Wages growth
https://tradingeconomics.com/south-korea/minimum-wages