The Midheaven and Nadir, which in quadrant house systems are identical with the cusps of the 10th and 4th houses, refer to the meridian of birth (the longitude east or west of Greenwich). The sign positions of these two points is an expression of Earth's momentary orientation (through one revolution of Earth on its axis) to the celestial sphere.
The nodes of the Moon are the points at which the orbital plane of the Moon intersects the ecliptic. When the Moon, in her monthly cycle, comes to the north node, she moves from south of the ecliptic to north of it. The lunar nodes are eclipse points -- solar and lunar eclipses can occur only when sun and moon are in proximity to these nodes. The cycle of the lunar nodes spans a bit over 18 years, and has nothing to do with the Earth's revolution about its axis.
They are not related, astronomically.
Nor do they -- in my opinion -- have any symbolic relationship or affinity astrologically.
The lunar nodes are correlates of 0 Aries-0 Libra, First House-Seventh House cusps, and not of the Fourth-Tenth, although I personally find the correlation weak and not very useful. The correlation of the Fourth-Tenth cusps with the lunar nodes -- if there is any correlation at all -- would be to the Bendings of the Moon [the points in square to the nodes.]