I'm not sure how much astrology you've studied, but there are a lot of "cookbooks" on line and in print on specific aspects. I recommend Robert Hand, Planets in Aspect.
With the moon as your emotional nature and the sun as your sense of personal identity, the opposition indicates that these parts of your personality tend to "oppose" one another. You may find a lot of head-heart conflicts. Mars is one's assertiveness and aggression. Moon conjunct Mars can be read, therefore, as "assertive or aggressive feelings." This doesn't mean you aren't calm under duress, but you may have had to work at learning this as a child, when you learned that temper tantrums didn't help you very much.
Then it can get more complicated, however, because the sun is the main "me" point in a chart. Each planet has multiple meanings, and a planet opposite the sun can be experienced as "not me." The moon also symbolizes one's mother and mature women more generally. Possibly your "not me" sense of self has externalized aggressive males (Mars) or older women (moon.) If this Jungian sort of splitting has occurred, then astrology becomes a tool for reintegrating the disowned parts of one's personality.
But wait. There's more.
Your sun conjuncts Neptune. Neptune is the planet of illusion and disillusionment, beautiful fantasy and despair, the visionary and the deluded, while missing the reality-check in between. Uranus conjuncts your sun and Neptune. It deals with sudden change, disruption, or liberation. Neptune conjunct sun people can find difficulties in developing a firm, consistent sense of self. Uranus can give a lot of pressure to be unique and different from the herd. People tend to identify with a planet conjunct their sun.
Then these planets square (are in a tense relationship with) Jupiter in Libra. Jupiter is the optimist, the feel-good factor, and it is in the harmony-loving balance-loving sign of Libra. Jupiter in the 10th house wants to be known for its balance and optimism, but maybe it does too good a job of putting a lid on some extremely volatile chart energies.
I don't think you're at all intrinsically calm and patient by nature, but if you had a traditional upbringing and schooling, you probably had to learn and internalize a lot of self-discipline; and that calm and patience were more desirable to your elders than aggression or being an iconoclast.
Oppositions and squares, in your case combined in a T-square, are important because the stressors in a horoscope-- and in life-- symbolize forces we have to address. We cannot just let them glide or slide by.
Having said that, your chart has some real strengths: Jupiter and Venus in mutual reception, Saturn domiciled in Aquarius, and transformative Pluto trining your sun-Mars. You'd probably make a good scientist, but your Venus suggests you also have some artistic ability.