There are a lot of "cookbooks" out there, both in print and on-line, for planets in signs, houses, or aspects. If you read through a bunch of them and try to combine their meanings, you should get the hang of it. Obviously it would be a huge "cookbook" that could give all combinations!
But why not learn to think through the meaning of each planet, sign, house, and aspect; and then come up with your own interpretations? Astrology is above all a work of synthesis, and a cookbook will only take you so far.
A planet is like a noun or a subject of a sentence: the "what."
A sign indicates "how" or in what manner a planet operates, like an adjective or adverb. So Mercury in Sagittarius, for example, will tend to think expansively and optimistically. Mercury in Taurus (the fixed earth sign) will tend to think deliberately and in practical or material terms.
A house indicates "where" or in what domain of life a planet operates. The 4th house deals with home and early childhood conditioning, one's parents. The 7th house deals with marriage and other long-term partnerships, but it can indicate "open enenmies.
An aspect works like a verb-- how the planets are functioning or what they are doing to one another. A sextile connotes excitement; a square, challenge and tension, for example.
So, for example, suppose someone has Mars in Sagittarius in the 3rd house sextiling Mercury in Aquarius in the 5th house.
The following is really pared down and simplistic, but consider:
Mars=initiatve, assertiveness, aggression.
Mercury=thought and communication
Sagittarius=optimistically, expansively
Aquarius=uniquely, individually, mentally (an air sign)
3rd house=thought, communication
5th house=children, leisure pursuits.
Optimistic, expansive (Sagittarius) thinking (Mercury, 3rd house) generates excitement (sextile) in combination with the person's individualistic, iconoclastic (Aquarius) action-oriented approach (Mars) to his leisure pursuits (5th house)
In real terms, this person might enjoy unique outdoor recreation activities (Mars in the 5th) that gratify him mentally as well as physically. Or he might love to read (Mercury, 3rd house) science fiction (Aquarius) about far-away galaxies (Sagittarius) that has a strong action (Mars) component, in his leisure time (5th house).
But be patient-- really learning astrology takes years of study.